How Food and Nutrition May Support Respiratory Health

  December 08, 2025 Xhavid Bajrami   

Introduction

Bowl of apples, oranges and almonds

Asthma is a paroxysmal syndrome that affects the respiratory system, characterised by severe breathing difficulty. These episodes are often described as a tight feeling across the chest and a heavy feeling of imminent suffocation, happening in the absence of fever or limited inflammation. 

In many cases, asthma or an asthmatic episode is often followed by several days of symptoms related to gastrointestinal disturbance. These can include: 

  • The symptoms are reduced appetite, 
  • Acid regurgitation, excessive hunger, 
  • Abdominal bloating, 
  • Heartburn, 
  • A feeling of pressure over the eyes, 
  • Anxiety in the precordial area, and 
  • Skin itching. 
Asthma attacks usually begin at night during night sleep. The signs of Asthma are characterised by chest tightness, anxiety, difficulty breathing, and a dry, short cough. Breathing becomes heavy, gasping, laboured, and suffocative, while the facial expression reflects extreme discomfort and apprehension. Irregular heartbeat is present. 

The patient always demands that doors and windows be left open, and the need for fresh air becomes overwhelming. There is also an increase in the need to move from bed to an open window, and the patient finds it difficult to remain in a lying position. The pulse may look frequently irregular.

Asthma commonly develops in childhood, but it can occur at any age.  Is also influenced by a complex mix of genetic, environmental, and predispositional influences and is often linked to different symptoms. 

Asthma researchers continue to identify the risk of different models on individual risks of asthma. Healthcare professionals diagnose asthma through a combination of patient history, lung function testing, physical examination, and relevant lab work. 

Many treatments focus on continuous patient education, regular symptom management treatment, and quick relief inhalers when required(Varraso et al., 2007).

Immune Responses, Respiratory Health and Dietary Fat Intake

Studies show that the relationship between the immune system and immune systems. Researchers suggest that consuming high-fat diets may trigger inflammatory responses in the body.

High-fat diets have been associated with elevated levels of pro-inflammatory markers, such as neutrophils and cytokines. Therefore, these changes may negatively affect lung function and contribute to inflammation of the airways, such as asthma.

Both of these were examined, such as the expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and also higher neutrophil concentration was discovered in the sputum of patients with asthma after eating fat-rich foods.
In addition, the findings show that immune mechanisms contribute to inflammation and respiratory complications(Wypych, Marsland and Ubags, 2017).

The Role of Diet and Nutrients in Asthma Food Control

Researchers have identified how diet influences asthma risk, focusing on both dietary patterns and nutrients. Dietary pattern analysis examines how individuals consume food, including its frequency, combinations, and diversity. 

These nutrients are consumed as part of a complex food matrix, and this approach offers important advantages when studying the relationship between diet and health. 

Therefore, the most frequently studied dietary patterns include the Mediterranean diet. The Mediterranean diet emerged in the 1950s and 1960s in the seacoast regions of southern Europe, particularly in Greece and Italy. This diet has been linked to a lower rate of heart disease. 

The guidelines for the Mediterranean diet highlight meals rich in vegetables, fruits and whole grain cereals. Vitamin D intake during pregnancy has been linked to a reduced risk of childhood wheezing. Despite these findings, researchers have shown that neither vitamin D nor vitamin E intake has been clearly demonstrated to have a consistent effect on the development of childhood asthma(Guilleminault et al., 2017).

Although no particular recommendations to prevent asthma during pregnancy have been discovered,   the guidelines for vitamin D  should be followed by respiratory medicine specialists.

The Beneficial Effects of Fruits and Vegetables

Clinical respiratory researchers suggest that consuming fruits and vegetables appears to be associated with a lower risk of Asthma. Consuming vitamin C at a dose of 0.2 g per day has demonstrated modest improvement in Asthma control. 

Vitamin D can significantly reduce the risk of asthma exacerbations among school-aged children. Therefore, vitamin D supplementation in preschool-aged children has not shown a significant impact on subjective asthma control and needs further clinical trial research (Guilleminault et al., 2017).

Minerals for Respiratory Health

Some minerals have an important role in respiratory health, particularly in children. 

Higher intake of calcium, magnesium and potassium has been associated with a lower incidence of asthma. Although due to the high number of experimental studies, the observations have been inconsistent, findings indicate that reduced dietary sodium did not improve bronchial responsiveness in adults with asthma. 

Magnesium has been viewed as a bronchodilator in asthma. Low dietary magnesium is linked to harm to bronchial smooth muscle function in severe asthma and reduced lung function in children.  

According to experts, Selenium intake has been considered to be lower among individuals with asthma. Higher maternal plasma selenium concentrations have been inversely associated with asthma risk in the outcome. 

Other studies show that in large, well-controlled trials, selenium supplementation has not shown any sagnificant  benefits.  Furthermore, minerals tend to influence respiratory health, and the evidence does not support supplements(Berthon and Wood, 2015).

Medical Plants for Respiratory Disease Treatment

Herbal medicine commonly used to treat respiratory disorders indicate a wide range of biological activities, such as: antiallergic, immunomodulatory, and anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and also antiviral effects. 

Although people suffering from respiratory health conditions, including cold, cough, bronchitis, and asthma, are largely on plant-based remedies. 

The benefits of herbal treatment may help relieve symptoms through multiple mechanisms:

  • Anti-inflammatory combinations reduced disease severity.
  • Antiallergic agents prevent pathogen-induced allergic responses.
  • Immunomodulators build up host immune defences.
  • Antioxidants counteract free radicals at sites of infection.
  • Antimicrobial properties may help to limit respiratory pathogens.

The remarkable expertise of plants to provide novel bioactive combinations is reflected in the global pharmaceutical market. Medical plants represent more than half of all medical products in the medical world. 

In the world, approximately 80% of the population relies on traditional plants based on traditional therapies for primary health care. The support has also come from the World Health Organisation, which encourages the consolidation of traditional and modern medicine, while supporting the integration of medicinal plans. 

Herbal remedies are well known for demonstrating favourable, toxicological, pharmacological and clinical profiles. Several plants are well documented in ethnomedicine, such as thyme, peppermint, eucalyptus, liquorice root, ginger, and turmeric, and those are supported by clinical and pharmacological evidence(Idreis, 2025).

Thyme

Thyme is a therapeutically and nutritionally valuable herb that has been used in ancient times for both culinary and medical purposes. Its essential oils and spices contain compounds with antibacterial, antispasmodic, expectorant, antifungal, and antioxidant properties that contribute to respiratory health.

Peppermint

Peppermint belongs to the Lamiaceae family.  It is a fast-growing perennial herb and rich in menthol and essential oils. Peppermint oil is widely used in cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries, because of  its antiseptic, analgesic, antipruritic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial activities.

Liquorice Root

Liquorice Root continues to play a crucial role in treating respiratory disorders and as a supplement to conventional therapies. It is often used for inflammatory and infectious conditions and neurodegenerative diseases.

Ginger

Ginger is a valuable rhizomatous herb, and it is used for medicine and food. Ginger was first used in southern Asia, and it is widely used in the kitchen. It may help to manage gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic diseases, inflammatory ailments and cardiovascular conditions.

Turmeric

Turmeric is used for many treatments, including conditions of the lower and upper respiratory tracts and for its anti-inflammatory properties. Its expectorant action helps in the removal of mucus from the respiratory passages, and it reduces congestion, linked with respiratory infections(Idreis, 2025).

Indoor Humidity for Asthma Prevention

Fungal spores and dust mites are extremely significant. The relative humidity is maintained below around 45% at temperatures of 20-22 °C, where under these conditions house dust mites are difficult to survive. 

Although clinical research indicates that higher humidity levels promote a rapid rise in mite populations, this contrast means reaching a few thousand mites per gram of household dust. Increased indoor humidity also supports fungal growth. 

Approximately 60% of identified cases may be linked to house dust mites. Preventive methods may include increasing ventilation and reducing the moisture generated indoors. 

Ventilation should be easy and flexible, but not fixed, and therefore, all humidity levels should always be controlled. Higher humidity levels may lead to a rapid increase in mite populations and may also encourage fungal growth (Andersen and Korsgaard, 1986).

Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs)

Short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) can be picked up from certain foods, including some of the cheeses, butter, and cow milk, and these are at a point produced through the fermentation of complex bacterial polysaccharides present in dietary fibres. 

Short-chain fatty Acids have been examined for their inflammatory effects in vitro.  Short-Chain Fatty Acids and high fibre diets have been recognised to reduce inflammation in animal models of diseases, including peanut allergy, airways inflammation, colitis, and allergic airways inflammation. 

The procedures through which Short-Chain Fatty Acids exert their effect are varied. Short-Chain Fatty Acids can contribute to regulatory T helper cells, and decrease the capability of dendritic cells to activate effector T cells and start the inflammasome.

Pro-inflammatory is generally considered both Saturated and omega-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (Wypych, Marsland and Ubags, 2017)

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Further Reading

For further reading on respiratory health and asthma, explore these trusted medical resources:

Medical Disclaimer

This article is only for informational and educational purposes. I am not a medical professional and nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical healthcare provider before making any dietary or health changes.

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

References

  • Andersen, I. and Korsgaard, J. (1986) ‘Asthma and the indoor environment: Assessment of the health implications of high indoor air humidity’, Environment International, 12(1–4), pp. 121–127. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/0160-4120(86)90022-X.
  • Berthon, B. and Wood, L. (2015) ‘Nutrition and Respiratory Health—Feature Review’, Nutrients, 7(3), pp. 1618–1643. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu7031618.
  • Guilleminault, L. et al. (2017) ‘Diet and Asthma: Is It Time to Adapt Our Message?’, Nutrients, 9(11), p. 1227. Available at: https://doi.org/10.3390/nu9111227.
  • Idreis, N.E.M. (2025) ‘Medical Plants for Respiratory Diseases’, 7 Issue 1 2025, p. 95.
  • Varraso, R. et al. (2007) ‘Prospective study of dietary patterns and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease among US women’, The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 86(2), pp. 488–495. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcn/86.2.488.
  • Wypych, T.P., Marsland, B.J. and Ubags, N.D.J. (2017) ‘The Impact of Diet on Immunity and Respiratory Diseases’, Annals of the American Thoracic Society, 14(Supplement_5), pp. S339–S347. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201703-255AW.

pH Regulation, Dietary Influences, and Health Evidence

  November 10, 2025 Xhavid Bajrami   

Introduction

Fresh juice ingredients including oranges, lemon, ginger and green leaves

Maintaining the body’s acid-base balance is an important aspect of overall health. 

Even a small change in body fluid pH indicates that it can affect cellular functions, enzymatic reactions and overall homeostasis. 

Body fluid pH  indicates the concentration of hydrogen ions (H+), which is generated from different metabolic processes. Organic acids, including β-hydroxybutyric acid and lactic acid, are generated in tissues such as the liver, adipose tissue, and skeletal muscle. 

These acids separate into protons and conjugate bases, and that leads to acidification of intracellular and extracellular environments. The human body uses many buffering systems and transport mechanisms.

The major contributions of the buffering system involve proton-proton binding, the bicarbonate system and phosphoric acid buffering, and this stabilises pH by neutralising excess protons. Cells use a special transporter system for moving extra protons out of the cell into the space around them, including monocarboxylate transporter MCTs and Na+/H+ exchangers (NHEs). 

These procedures allow for maintaining a normal internal pH at a normal level around 7.03-7.46, and that is crucial for healthy metabolism. Therefore, when cells are affected by too much acid, the problem arises with the transporter, and normally, the fluid around the cells may become more acidic.

According to experts, a lower pH in the fluid between cells, may contribute to metabolic problems, for example, in insulin resistance, obesity and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, food can improve proton transport and also support metabolic health (Aoi et al., 2020).

Understanding pH

Alkaline acid has to do with pH. The meaning of pH refers to how acidic or alkaline something is, such as:

  • It is considered acidic when the pH is low (between 0 and 6). 
  • High value on  the pH scale (from 8 to 14) is considered alkaline. 
  • 7 is considered neutral. 
Understanding food better shows that some foods contain alkaline and others are acidic. For example, citrus fruits such as lemon, grapefruit, and oranges are acidic foods. The acidic food we consume over time can change the pH level in our blood. 
The reaction occurs continuously through our breath, with a chemical signal, through the brain, and the kidneys work hard to regulate pH through large and small adjustments (Henry, 2019). According to studies, the more you consume acidic food, the harder your body will work, and this can have long-term effects.

The concept of Alkaline and Acid comes from human practice. The meaning of acid comes from the Latin word acere, which means sour. Acid tests have a sour taste, observed from foods like sour milk, lemon juice, and vinegar. 

The word Alkaline is an Arabic word al-qily, which refers to burnt plant ashes. The terms acids and bases began in 1776 with Antonio Lavoisier. In 1838, Justus von Liebig declared acids as substances that contain hydrogen. Later, Sørensen, a Danish scientist, introduced the concept of pH at the Carlsberg Laboratory, updated in 1924 based on modern electrochemical methods.

Ancient Indian texts like Hatha Yoga Pradipika, Shiv Samhita, and Gheranda Samhita studied food effects on the body and classified it as sattvic (pure), rajasic (stimulating), and tamasic (heavy/impure). 

Charak (~200 AD) in Charak Samhita classified foods as light or heavy; light foods were recommended for good health. E.V. McCollum (Johns Hopkins) recommended more alkaline-forming foods like vegetables, grains, milk, fruits, butter, and cheese. 

Blood pH should be between 7.35 and 7.45. Small pH changes affect organisms, like oceans dropping from 8.2 to 8.1 due to CO₂, harming coral reefs. Soil pH 6–7 provides optimal nutrients; extremes lead to nutrient imbalances.

As we age, kidney function declines, and modern diets can lead to metabolic acidosis. Blood pH below 7.35 indicates acidosis; above is alkalosis. Most enzymes function within a specific pH range; deviations can impair their activity (N Suthar, 2024).

Research Evidence on Urine pH and Bone Health

Modern diets may cause slightly acidic urine (~pH 6). Some promote alkaline diets to sell products claiming to balance the acid and base levels. Acid load can be measured by urine pH or by calculating total acid excretion, including sulfates, chlorides, phosphates, minus minerals like magnesium, calcium, potassium, and sodium. Traditional urine pH measurements may be inaccurate due to bacterial changes.

Better measurements consider post-digestion urine, reflecting the actual diet. Laboratory tests analysed urine for pH, creatinine, calcium, phosphate, and other ions. 

Results show that low urine pH or high acid levels do not increase osteoporosis risk. A single urine test cannot indicate long-term diet effects. More research is needed to assess diet effects on bone health and the validity of alkaline diets (Fenton et al., 2010).

Acid Ash Hypothesis and Bone Strength

The acid ash hypothesis claims that high-protein diets harm bones due to acid load. Excess acid is neutralised by bicarbonate from bone minerals, possibly weakening bones over time. According to this theory, acid-forming foods (dairy, grains) increase urinary calcium and bone calcium depletion.

However, reviews questioned this, considering biochemical mechanisms, protein influence, phosphate, calcium balance, and the validity of the theory. Evidence is weak on dietary acid load causing osteoarthritis.

A systematic review analysed whether high-acid diets contribute to osteoporosis, reviewing human interventional studies, long-term observations, and lab studies. Researchers examined whether reducing dietary acid load could reduce risk or slow osteoporosis progression (Fenton et al., 2011).

Meta-Analysis of pH Methods

Experts explored calcium excretion, acid load, and bone health through meta-analyses of RCTs and cohort studies. When no meta-analyses existed, individual studies were reviewed. Another meta-analysis examined effects of alkaline treatments or low acid diets on bone resorption markers (serum CTX, deoxypyridinoline crosslinks, urinary N telopeptide) using standardised mean differences with Cochrane RevMan5. 

Random effects models were applied if the heterogeneity p-value was 0.05–0.5. Sensitivity analysis excluded urine CTX due to biological fluctuations. Lab studies on bone mineral loss at different pH levels assessed acid impact on bone health within normal physiological pH (Fenton et al., 2011).

Food and pH Balance

Food does not change blood pH directly; the body manages acidity and minerals. Below is a guide to alkaline and acidic foods:

Low Acidic / Alkaline Foods

  • Yoghurt and fermented foods
  • Black tea
  • Butter in moderation
  • Brown rice and beans
  • Natural honey (unprocessed)

Middle or Moderate Acidic Foods

  • Tuna, Salmon, Tilapia, Mackerel
  • Whole wheat and rye bread
  • Cottage cheese, hard cheese, cream cheese
  • Ketchup, Mustard, Mayonnaise
  • Olives, Garlic, Pomegranates
  • Pistachios, Eggs, Corn

Highly Acidic Foods

  • Chocolate, ice cream, milkshakes
  • Soda, liquor, beer
  • White sugar and pastries
  • Espresso and strong coffee
  • Cheese
  • Pork (bacon, chops, ribs)
  • Beef

Practical Tips for Getting Started

  • Gradually replace processed foods with vegetables, fruits, and whole grains.
  • Limit sugary drinks; opt for water or herbal teas.
  • Balance meals: include grains, vegetables, and plant-based protein.
  • Experiment with alkaline-friendly recipes like quinoa salads or brown rice bowls.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Does an alkaline diet change blood pH?
Diet can affect urine pH and mineral balance, which influences how the body manages acidity. 
No -  blood pH is tightly regulated.

Are all acidic foods bad?
No, foods like fish or pomegranates provide valuable nutrients. Moderation and balance are key.

What is the easiest alkaline food to start with?
Brown rice, beans, and seasonal vegetables are simple, affordable, and easy to prepare.

Related Articles on Xhavid Health & Fitness

External Reading & Resources

For evidence-based information on dietary acid-base balance, metabolism, and bone health, explore these trusted resources:

Medical Disclaimer

This article is only for informational and educational purposes. I am not a medical professional and nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical healthcare provider before making any dietary or health changes.

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

References

  • Aoi, W. et al. (2020) ‘Body Fluid pH Balance in Metabolic Health and Possible Benefits of Dietary Alkaline Foods’, eFood, 1(1), pp. 12–23. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2991/efood.k.190924.001.
  • Fenton, T.R. et al. (2010) ‘Low urine pH and acid excretion do not predict bone fractures or the loss of bone mineral density: a prospective cohort study’, BMC Musculoskeletal Disorders, 11(1), p. 88. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2474-11-88.
  • Fenton, T.R. et al. (2011) ‘Causal assessment of dietary acid load and bone disease: a systematic review & meta-analysis applying Hill’s epidemiologic criteria for causality’, Nutrition Journal, 10(1), p. 41. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1186/1475-2891-10-41.
  • Henry, B. (2019) 30 Day Alkaline Diet Challenge.
  • Suthar, N. (2024) ‘ALKALINE DIET AND HEALTH-A BRIEF REVIEW’.

Diabetes: Science, Causes, and Lifestyle Methods to Blood Sugar Management

  October 10, 2025 Xhavid Bajrami   ,

Introduction

Cinnamon sticks, cumin seeds, star anise, cloves, leaves and nuts

Diabetes is a serious health condition that significantly affects the quality of life of families, individuals and communities across the world. Diabetes is ranked as one of the worldwide health conditions. In 2017, global healthcare spending on diabetes was approximately £727 billion. There are three main forms of diabetes: type 1 diabetes T1D, type 2 diabetes (T2D- diabetes mellitus), and gestational diabetes mellitus GDM. IDF International Diabetes Federation has reported and monitored diabetes prevalence at regional, national and global levels. The report shows that there is an increase in diabetes cases over time, with approximately 287 million people just in 2009. This number increased to 366 million in 2011, 382 million in 2013, 415 million in 2015 and 425 million in 2017(Saeedi et al., 2019).

The worldwide prevalence of diabetes has dramatically increased and reached an alarming rate. According to the International Diabetes Federation, an estimated 536.6 million people were living with diabetes, but in 2021, this number was suggested to be increased by 46%, with an estimated number of 783.2 million by 2045. Researchers suggest that early detection of symptoms is important because it allows the treatment to begin sooner, and also helps to prevent and not delay serious macrovascular and microvascular complications.(Ogurtsova et al., 2022).

Medication-Induced Diabetes

Some cardiovascular medications and metabolic medications, such as beta-blockers, statins, and thiazide diuretics, have been linked with a serious risk of developing type 2 diabetes. There are other drug classes associated with the risk of developing diabetes, such as corticosteroids (steroids), antipsychotics, immunosuppressants, hormonal medications, and certain antivirals, which have also been associated with disturbances in glucose metabolism. Scientific research indicates that these medications may reduce insulin sensitivity but increase glucose production in the liver, contribute to weight gain, and increase in developing diabetes, especially with the existing factors including prediabetes, obesity, cardiovascular disease or genetic predisposition. Despite the side effects, these medications play an important role in treating serious conditions, including heart disease, autoimmune disorders, inflammation, hypertension and mental health conditions. Due to this reason, healthcare professionals underline that the therapeutic benefits and the cardiovascular effects of these drugs generally outweigh the possible risk of diabetes when patients are properly monitored. Lifestyle management, regular blood glucose testing, and medical supervision can help decrease the risk of developing diabetes and ensure long-term treatment (Ogurtsova et al., 2022).

Although a few biological mechanisms indicate how cardiovascular medications may lead to hyperglycaemia, such as alterations in insulin secretion, direct toxic effects on pancreatic beta cells, and reduced insulin sensitivity and increased glucose production. Due to direct cytotoxic effects that support because of the damage to pancreatic beta cells, reducing the insulin secretion may subsequently result in raised blood glucose levels, because hyperglycaemia activates the intracellular signalling pathway, and this stimulates the release of stored insulin in pancreatic cells. Thiazide diuretics may decrease insulin by causing low potassium levels (hypokalemia) and increasing the potassium gradient among beta cell membranes, and this leads to membrane hyperpolarisation. Potassium supplementation has been shown to contribute to glucose tolerance and restore insulin sensitivity, which creates effects similar to discontinuing the medication. There is another preventive method is combining thiazide diuretics with potassium-sparing agents to decrease the risk of hyperglycaemia. Furthermore, the mechanisms linked with thiazide-induced hyperglycaemia include raised free fatty acid levels, decreased insulin sensitivity, higher hepatic glucose production, and increased catecholamine activity. The higher dose of thiazides is linked with a higher risk of hyperglycaemia, and it is equivalent to 5 mg per day or more of Bendroflumethiazide. Beta blockers may also be linked to hyperglycaemia by suppressing the beginning phase of insulin release in pancreatic islet cells via alpha 1 and beta 2 adrenergic pathways. A calcium channel blocker may reduce the risk of insulin secretion and cause hyperglycaemia in case of excessive use or overdose (Widiarti et al., 2025a). Statins are well-known, widely used medications may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. Although their clinic contributions have been debated due to findings from randomised controlled trials and meta-analyses suggesting a possible association between statin use and an increased risk of developing new-onset diabetes (Agouridis, Kostapanos and Elisaf, 2015). Key factors of medication-induced hyperglycaemia by medication class. AP antipsychotics, GC glucocorticoids, BB beta blockers, PI protease inhibitors, PI3K phosphoinositide 3-kinase, AKT protein kinase B, CNI calcineurin inhibitors, Tori mammalian target of rapamycin inhibitors, TKI tyrosine kinase inhibitors, SSA somatostatin analogues, ADT androgen deprivation therapy, IFN-A interferon alpha(Widiarti et al., 2025b).

Insulin Resistance

The researcher focused mainly on two questions: the first was understanding how much insulin-stimulated muscle glycose production contributes to glucose metabolism in healthy individuals. The second question was how this process is affected in people with type 2 diabetes. Researchers used advanced 13C NMR spectroscopy to measure how glucose is converted into muscle glycogen by tracking labelled glucose molecules in muscle tissue. Once these findings were fully applied to the whole body, it was found that muscle glycogen synthesis accounted for the majority of glucose uptake and almost all non-oxidative glucose metabolism in diabetic and healthy individuals. This emphasises how impaired muscle glycogen production plays an important role in reducing glucose control in type 2 diabetes (Shulman, 2000). In skeletal muscle, insulin signalling plays a major role in increasing glucose uptake and contributing to glycogen synthesis. Insulin restores glucose transport by triggering the fusion of glucose transport type 4 GLUT4 storage vesicles to the muscle cell membrane and coordinated movement. When the insulin signalling is activated, Akt it suppresses AS160, also known as TBC1D4, which in turn activates Rab GTPase proteins accountable for managing vesicle trafficking and glucose transport (Lee, Park and Choi, 2022).

Type 1 Diabetes

Type 1 diabetes is worldwide recognised as a condition caused by an autoimmune process that leads to destruction of the insulin-creating beta (β) cells. According to scientists, the body's immune system mistakenly attacks these cells, resulting in a reduction or complete stoppage of insulin production. A long time ago, type 1 diabetes was considered a disease affecting adolescents and children, but in the last decade, this understanding has been completely changed. Now, this understanding is known as type 1, which can develop at any age. The most well-known symptoms at the onset of type 1 diabetes include excessive thirst (polydipsia), frequent urination(polyuria), increased hunger (polyphagia) and high blood glucose levels. Type 1 diabetes requires immediate need for insulin therapy as this is one of the defining features, and the body is no longer able to produce sufficient insulin (Atkinson, Eisenbarth and Michels, 2014). Despite significant advances in scientific research and treatments, researchers continue to investigate the worldwide distribution of type 1 diabetes and the possible methods for cure or prevention. Individuals who are diagnosed with Type 1 diabetes can occur at any stage of life, but it also remains one of the most common chronic diseases in childhood. The most frequently diagnosed conditions in children are between 5 and 7 years old, and also during puberty, and type 1 diabetes occurs more often in males. Most of the incidences of type 2 diabetes may be influenced by birth timing and seasonal factors. Research indicates that a higher number of cases are often diagnosed during autumn and winter, and those who are born in spring appear to have a higher risk of this condition. Additionally, these observations play a crucial role, as factors such as seasonal exposures and infections influence the disease process (Atkinson, Eisenbarth and Michels, 2014).

Type 2 Diabetes

It has been more than 50 years, and researchers know very little about the connection between type 2 diabetes and insulin resistance. Insulin resistance plays an important role in the development of the disease because it is one of the leading causes of the disease and the strongest predictor of future type 2 diabetes, and it should be treated once high blood glucose levels appear. Scientific research has shown that metabolic mechanisms and genetic mechanisms contribute to insulin resistance, especially through the interaction of lipoprotein lipase (LPL), mitochondrial function, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor delta (PPAR-δ). These procedures are believed to increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and to affect muscle insulin sensitivity (Taylor, 2012). A few years of early laboratory studies discovered abnormalities in mitochondrial function in people diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Further to this, it was identified that mild impairments in muscle mitochondrial activities in people with type 2 diabetes, and the mitochondrial dysfunction could be involved in disease development. However, muscle insulin resistance is frequently assessed using the euglycemic hyperinsulinemia clamp technique, and it is considered a crucial factor in the development of type 2 diabetes. The disease is closely linked to insulin resistance in the liver rather than in muscle tissue, but researchers indicate that calorie restriction in people with type 2 diabetes has proven that reducing calorie intake decreases liver fat and it improves hepatic insulin sensitivity. The benefit of this is that it normalises fasting blood glucose levels (Taylor, 2012).

Understanding the Symptoms of Diabetes

The classic symptoms of diabetes, increased hunger (polyphagia), excessive thirst (polydipsia) are mainly observed in type 1 diabetes due to the rapid onset of severe hyperglycaemia. Those symptoms can also appear when blood glucose levels are very high in type 2 diabetes. Other symptoms are weight loss, persistent fatigue and body pain.

Nutrition and Diabetes

Nutritional management plays an important role in diabetes mellitus, and its impact on insulin resistance has been the main focus of education and research for many years. In recent research, the focus has been on the quality of dietary fats and their influence on diabetic treatment and insulin resistance. It was also mentioned that dietary fats interact with physical activities to affect insulin sensitivity, and consuming rich foods in carbohydrates (Vessby et al., 2000). Therefore, metabolic abnormalities in diabetes and cardiovascular disease are associated with atherosclerotic disease and linked to abdominal obesity and insulin resistance. Lifestyle intervention, including dietary improvement and physical activity, can significantly improve the health of individuals with diabetes and can influence multiple aspects of metabolic syndrome, insulin resistance, and abdominal obesity (Vessby et al., 2000).

Physical Exercise and Diabetes Management

Individuals with diabetes should consult a medical professional and undergo a medical evaluation before starting exercises or regular physical activity. Detecting any possible risk allows healthcare professionals to create an exercise plan that maximises benefits without causing harm during the exercises. Some of these guidelines are recommended by The Health Professional’s Guide to Diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2004). Exercise sessions should include a proper guideline, warm-up and cool-down periods, for example, a 5 to 10 minutes warm-up of light aerobic activity, including walking or cycling in a leisure centre, which prepares the lungs, heart, muscle for increased intensity. Once the exercises are complete, gently stretch for 5 to 10 minutes and then do a cool down for 5 to 10 minutes. Physical exercises are recommended three to four times a week for 30 to 60 minutes, and have resulted in reducing HbA1c by 10–20%, especially in individuals with type 2 diabetes. Evidence from multiple clinics demonstrates that exercise improves insulin sensitivity, reduces plasma insulin levels and weight loss may help reduce the risk or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes (American Diabetes Association, 2004).

Historical and Lifestyle Perspective on Diabetes Prevention

In the real world, diabetes is both practical and achievable. The major cause of developing diabetes is excessive consumption of calories for long periods, reduced physical activity, and high intake of proteins and fats. Maintaining a balanced diet and increasing physical activity can play an important role in reducing the risk of developing diabetes (Shi, 2016). In one of the Chinese medical texts, the Yellow Emperor’s Canon, which is more than 2000 years old, states that diabetes as condition associated with consuming sweet food and the development of obesity (Lee, Park and Choi, 2022).

Conclusion

Diabetes is a worldwide health challenge and a complex condition that affects millions of people in the world. According to scientific research, show that diabetes is linked to insulin resistance, genetic, metabolic dysfunction and medical use. Understanding the difference type 2, type 1 and gestational diabetes helps improve treatment, early detection, and long-term management. Maintaining a regular diet balance, physical activity, proper nutrition, and monitoring properly play an important role in monitoring blood glucose levels and reducing organ damage and complications, including cardiovascular disease. Early detection, continued lifestyle treatment, and appropriate treatment can maintain a good quality of life and successfully manage diabetes. Increasing public awareness, education, and using strategies to prevent it remain essential for the worldwide burden of diabetes and increasing overall population health.

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Research-based health articles:

Further Reading

For evidence-based information on diabetes, symptoms, and global health statistics, explore the following trusted sources:

Medical Disclaimer

This article is only for informational and educational purposes. I am not a medical professional and nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical healthcare provider before making any dietary or health changes.

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

References

  • Agouridis, A.P., Kostapanos, M.S. and Elisaf, M.S. (2015) ‘Statins and their increased risk of inducing diabetes’, Expert Opinion on Drug Safety, 14(12), pp. 1835–1844. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1517/14740338.2015.1096343 .
  • American Diabetes Association (2004) ‘Physical Activity/Exercise and Diabetes’, Diabetes Care, 27(suppl_1), pp. S58–S62. Available at: https://doi.org/10.2337/diacare.27.2007.S58 .
  • Atkinson, M.A., Eisenbarth, G.S. and Michels, A.W. (2014) ‘Type 1 diabetes’, The Lancet, 383(9911), pp. 69–82. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(13)60591-7 .
  • Lee, S.-H., Park, S.-Y. and Choi, C.S. (2022) ‘Insulin Resistance: From Mechanisms to Therapeutic Strategies’, Diabetes & Metabolism Journal, 46(1), pp. 15–37. Available at: https://doi.org/10.4093/dmj.2021.0280 .
  • Ogurtsova, K. et al. (2022) ‘IDF Diabetes Atlas: Global estimates of undiagnosed diabetes in adults for 2021’, Diabetes Research and Clinical Practice, 183, p. 109118. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.diabres.2021.109118 .
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Juices and Nutrition that Support Wellness and Immunity

  September 09, 2025 Xhavid Bajrami   

Introduction

Fresh juice ingredients including oranges lemon ginger and green leaves prepared for immune boosting drink

Maintaining proper nutrition and hydration is essential for supporting overall health and reducing the risk of disease. Modern research continues to emphasize the importance of nutrient- and vitamin-rich diets in strengthening the immune system and promoting long-term well-being.

 Among the various nutritional approaches, it is worth noting that , juice therapy is based on fresh vegetable juices but also selected herbal teas has gained increasing attention, some of which have an important role in daily life. When combined with a balanced diet and careful hydration, these practices can help provide , minerals, vitamins and essential bioactive compounds that particularly support digestion, nutrient absorption and immune function.

 This article explores the scientific background behind key juices, the role of important nutrients like vitamin C, minerals, and how herbal teas can complement a better wellness-focused lifestyle.

Offering these methods that combine a balanced diet and mindful hydration can strengthen immunity, provide a variety of rich minerals, vitamins and support detoxification, digestion and absorption. Regarding evidence-based insights into nutrition

Beetroot Juice

Beetroot juice is well-known in health and nutrition research because it is very rich in inorganic nitrates, NO3, as well as bioactive elements such as polyphenols and betalains. Although these nutrients are converted into nitrites and then into nitric oxide through the well-recorded nitrate-nitrite-NO pathway, a procedure that can take place even under low oxygen or acidic conditions and is frequently seen in physical activities. Nitric oxide plays a crucial role in regulating blood vessel function, regulating oxidant balance, and influencing muscle contraction, supporting mitochondrial function efficiently, making as promising nutritional option for increasing different roles of physical health. As mentioned, beetroot juice can decrease blood pressure and also improve endothelial function. Researchers have extended studies, such as illustrating potential benefits for mitochondrial activity, cerebral blood flow, muscle function, and cognitive performance. In addition, the benefits of beetroot juice are not only due to nitrate content, but also factors like oral microbiota health, age, diet and metabolic staus the effect how efficiently nitrate is converted into nitric oxide(Lee et al., 2026).

Pomegranate Juice

Pomegranate (Punica granatum) is a long-cultivated fruit that belongs to the Punicaceae family and is frequently called “the miracle fruit” due to eating its seeds as food, juice and its functional products.Modern clinical research and pharmacology have highlighted the broad-ranging medicinal properties of pomegranate and its juice. Pomegranate is strongly considered to be rich in dietary polyphenols with strong antioxidant properties. It has various health benefits, including managing diabetes, obesity and inflammation. The factors of polyphenols in pomegranate juice include anthocyanins, tannins, and flavonoids, and it is explored among chemical composition, biological effects and metabolism. It has significant advantages for the production of high-quality juice (Basu and Penugonda, 2009).

Wheatgrass Juice

Modern research identifies herbs as valuable sources of bioactive compounds. Wheatgrass, as young shoots of Triticum aestivum that belong to the family Gramineae, is an annual grass native to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean, and now wheatgrass is cultivated worldwide. Wheatgrass is rich in essential minerals such as magnesium, iron, phosphorus, manganese, zinc and copper. Wheatgrass has tocopherols, providing a high amount of vitamin It has 70% chlorophyl, a molecule that is almost similar to haemoglobin. It contributes to metabolism, reduces acidity, restores blood alkalinity and also supports healthy cellular function by acting as a detoxifying agent. It can be consumed as a powdered extract or fresh, providing chlorophyll, 17 amino acids such as 8 essential, minerals, vitamins and proteins. Although it was used traditionally to manage health conditions. It has benefits for high blood pressure, pancreas health, anaemia, skin issues, constipation and asthma. Nutritional studies regularly show wheatgrass to be rich in magnesium, chromium, zinc, selenium, and antioxidants such as vitamin E and C, in anti-anaemic factors, such as vitamin B12, folic acid, iron, and pyridoxine, including proteins and amino acids. Scientists have discovered that it demonstrates its antioxidant capacity anti cancer both in vivo and vitro (A pilot study on wheat grass juice for its phytochemical, nutritional and therapeutic potential on chronic diseases., 2026).

Vitamin C and Immune System Support

Vitamin C plays an important role in the synthesis of hormones, including catecholamines (example, norepinephrine) and amidated peptides (e.g., vasopressin), which are crucial for cardiovascular responses during serious infections. Recent research among its classic functions has revealed that vitamin C regulate cell signalling and gene transcription by modulating epigenetic marks and transcription factor activity. Moreover, proteins such as asparagine and prolyl hydroxylases that contributes downregulate transcription component hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α), need vitamin C as a cofactor. Vitamin C also contributes to DNA and histone methylation by assisting enzymes that hydroxylate these epigenetic marks. It also contributes to leukocyte function and barrier integrity in the immune system. The skin, which provides a main barrier against pathogens, consist high concentrations of vitamin C, especially in the epidermis. Vitamin C is actively transported into skin cells through SVCT1 and SVCT2 transporters, highlighting its importance in skin health. Furthermore, vitamin C may stimulate collagen gene expression, and it also supports tissue repair and integrity (Carr and Maggini, 2017).

Recommendation for Using Herbal Teas

There are many herbal teas from different regions that can support different functions of the body. The herbal teas provide bioactive plant compounds with detoxification benefits, as well as antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. The most recommended options are:

  • Cranesbill Tea: Many people use it to promote cleansing, and it supports kidney function.
  • Sage Tea: Widely known for soothing the throat, decreasing oxidative stress, and providing anti-inflammatory and antioxidant benefits.
  • Marigold (Calendula) Tea: Valued for skin-supportive effects and immune-enhancing properties.

Highly recommended is that juice therapy is followed as a short-term regimen. During this crucial period for transformation of wellbeing and body, it is best to avoid solid food. This allows the digestive system to rest while delivering essential nutrients.

Juice Ingredients and Preparation

A day-to-day therapeutic blend includes:

  • 150g carrots
  • 250g beetroot
  • 100g celery
  • 50g apple
  • 1 small piece of ginger

This mixture creates a nutrient-dense juice rich in minerals and antioxidants.

Preparation Instructions for the Juice

Blend all ingredients in a food processor until smooth. Drink slowly, using a spoon, to increase enzymatic breakdown. Complement intake with herbal teas for hydration throughout the day.

Sage Tea Preparation

  1. Steep sage herbs in hot water for about 10 minutes.
  2. Boil the herbs in 500ml water for 3 minutes, then let it cool.
  3. Add one teaspoon of peppermint and balm (Melissa officinalis) and steep for an additional 9–10 minutes.

This combination enhances both flavor and therapeutic effects.

Supports antioxidant balance, increases immune activity, and reduces inflammation

  • Deficiency increases susceptibility to respiratory infections such as pneumonia.
  • Studies indicate that low vitamin C levels contribute to increased COVID-19 risk.
  • Adjusts multiple immune cells and promotes production of antimicrobial proteins.
  • Constant supplementation is more effective than high single doses.

Conclusion

To summarize this article, including nutrient-rich herbal juices and teas in a balanced diet can provide valuable support for overall health and immune function. Ingredients such as beets, pomegranates, and wheatgrass provide a wide range of bioactive compounds, including antioxidants, essential vitamins, and minerals that contribute to cellular defense, cardiovascular health, and metabolic balance. Additionally, key nutrients like vitamin C play an important role in immune defense, supporting cellular function, tissue repair, and the body’s natural defenses. When these nutrients are combined with herbal teas that offer anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, these nutritional approaches can complement a lifestyle focused on wellness. However, it is important to recognise that these nutritional approaches should complement,but not replace, a varied and balanced diet in daily life. Instead, it can be used as a supportive approach along with whole foods, proper hydration, and healthy lifestyle habits. Individuals considering significant dietary changes, including fasting or intensive fluid regimens, are encouraged to contact or seek guidance from a qualified healthcare professional. Overall, a consistent and balanced nutritional approach remains the foundation of long-term health, with juices and herbal teas serving as helpful additions rather than stand-alone solutions

Further Reading

External Resources (Trusted Sources)

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Medical Disclaimer

This article is only for informational and educational purposes. I am not a medical professional and nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical healthcare provider before making any dietary or health changes.

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

References

Complementary Approaches for Asthma: Nutrition and Lifestyle Tips

  August 05, 2025 Xhavid Bajrami   

Introduction

Standing in a park with open arms breathing fresh outdoor air for respiratory wellbeing

Asthma is a complex respiratory condition that affects 300 million people worldwide, influenced by genetics, environment, lifestyle, and is a chronic inflammatory airways disease. The main goal in managing asthma is to optimise the use of medication. According to researchers, nutrition and lifestyle are rapidly increasing as valuable complementary strategies. These methods are not expensive, have minimal side effects, are widely used and promote better adherence. This article discusses different lifestyle methods tested in asthma management, such as nutritional guidance, increased physical activity, and therapies including massage and yoga (Stoodley et al., 2019).

Experts indicate that better consumption of vegetables, fruits, and whole grains alongside physical activity can have a greater effect against asthma symptoms. Losing weight also benefits patients with obesity, as a decrease of 5–10% in body weight can improve asthma control and quality of life. Further studies show that other methods such as meditation, massage therapy, and yoga appear promising. Asthma symptoms are commonly characterised by wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, and chest tightness, which vary in frequency and severity.

Lifestyle factors, especially obesity and inactivity, have gained attention from asthma researchers. Studies have found that obesity is linked to increased asthma severity, reduced symptom control, and lower quality of life. Some people with asthma avoid exercise due to fear of exercise-induced bronchoconstriction, which can negatively affect their condition. There is a growing interest in alternative interventions, particularly in dietary and exercise-related methods, as a complement to traditional asthma treatments.

Diet and Asthma Management

Diet plays a very important role in chronic disease prevention and management, including asthma. Few dietary patterns appear to influence asthma outcomes. Several researchers, including cross-sectional analyses, suggest that adhering to the Mediterranean or DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet is associated with improved asthma control, particularly in children, but this intervention remains limited. More clinical trials are needed to establish dietary patterns for asthma management.

Complementary Health Approaches for Asthma

Complementary health approaches refer to alternative medicine systems, practices, and products that involve different methods, including herbal remedies, acupuncture, spinal manipulation, meditation, and dietary supplements.

These methods are usually based on how therapy is received or applied, including:

  • Nutritional: Herbal remedies, probiotics, specialised diets, and microbial approaches.
  • Psychological: Hypnosis, music therapy, relaxation exercises, and meditation.
  • Physical: Massage, spinal manipulation, and acupuncture.
  • Combined Methods: Yoga, dance therapy, tai chi, or mindful eating that combine physical and psychological benefits.

Studies indicate that stress and anxiety can worsen asthma symptoms. Poor asthma control is linked to higher anxiety and depression levels. Methods such as meditation, yoga, and relaxation techniques can improve emotional well-being and support better asthma management (Asthma and Complementary Health Approaches: What You Need To Know, no date).

Vitamin C in Respiratory Health and Asthma 

Vitamin C is one of the most well-known vitamins and plays an important role in protecting arways from oxidative stress, which is the main factor in asthma. Increased oxidative stress in the lungs may affect airway narrowing and may reduce lung function. Some studies suggest that consuming Vitamin C, such as vegetables and fruits,  may improve lung function and can reduce the frequency of respiratory symptoms. Therefore, clinical evidence remains unclear because certain medical research reports show that these have not sown constantly benifit from supplement alone. This shows that Vitamin C  may be more supportive and effective when consuming a balanced diet. Maintaining quality in intaking Citamin Cmay contribute to better respiratory health and protect immune resilience in individuals with asthma. (Stoodley et al., 2019). Additionally, studies indicate that consuming fruits and vegetables can reduce medication use in children, improve asthma control, and enhance adults’ quality of life.

Dietary Fibre

The Western diet, which is low in vegetables, fruits, and whole grains, results in reduced fibre intake. Dietary fibres—especially soluble ones—are fermented by gut bacteria to produce short-chain fatty acids beneficial to lung health. People with higher fibre intake tend to have better airway function and less inflammation.

Omega-3 Fatty Acids in Asthma

Omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), found in oily fish such as salmon, sardines, and herring, have anti-inflammatory effects. They reduce cytokine production and compete with omega-6 fatty acids, helping to modulate inflammation.

Saturated Fat

Foods such as fatty meats, full-fat dairy, pastries, and cakes are high in saturated fats, which can increase inflammation and oxidative stress. High saturated fat intake may worsen airway inflammation and reduce the effectiveness of bronchodilator medication (Stoodley et al., 2019).

Historical Perspectives

The following studies were discussed in Journal des Progrès des Sciences et Institutions Médicales en Europe, en Amérique, etc.:

A Remedy for Asthma by Dr. Chiarenti (1827)

Dr. Chiarenti found that exposure to fresh air and strong winds relieved asthma symptoms. He experimented by artificially inflating the lungs using bellows, which provided rapid relief and sometimes lasting improvement. He concluded that forcibly introducing air into the lungs could alleviate asthma attacks and possibly prevent recurrence (Chiarenti, 1827).

Treatment Methods for All Asthma Severity Levels

The 2014 GINA guideline update focuses on risk reduction and recommends using short-acting β2-agonists (SABA) as needed for Step 1 of asthma management, alongside low-dose inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) for long-term control. Although supported by a post hoc analysis of the START study, further research is required to confirm long-term benefits (Lammers, 1990).

How Diet & Lifestyle Influence Respiratory Health

Physical activity, diet, and environmental exposure all affect airway inflammation and mucus production. Reducing processed foods, refined sugar, and excessive dairy while increasing plant-based foods can help improve respiratory health.

Daily Recommendations for Asthma Management

  • Avoid dairy and sugary drinks.
  • Prioritise vegetables, legumes, whole grains, nuts, and seeds.
  • Stay active with low-impact exercise (walking, yoga, swimming).
  • Improve indoor air ventilation and reduce dust, mould, and strong fragrances.

Traditional Medicine Approaches

Traditional systems such as Macrobiotics and Ayurveda emphasise balance through food selection, meal timing, and lifestyle to reduce inflammation. Typical macrobiotic diets include whole grains, seasonal vegetables, fermented foods, and mindful eating (Yuan et al., 2016).

Examples of Supportive Traditional Practices

  • Regular breathing exercises and yoga to improve lung capacity.
  • Fermented foods (small portions) to support gut health and immunity.
  • Herbal teas such as sage, marshmallow root, or chamomile (consult a practitioner first).

Healing Diet vs. Healthy Diet

A healthy diet is sustainable and varied, while a healing diet may be targeted and temporary. Always consult a practitioner when following a specialised regimen.

Recommended Grains & Preparations

  • Brown, black, and red rice
  • Whole or pearl barley
  • Boiled, lightly stir-fried, or added to soups and salads

Practical Recipe Ideas & Morning Routine

  • Warm lemon water on waking to stimulate digestion
  • Fruit ball: banana, green apple, and raspberries
  • Light porridge with barley or brown rice and cinnamon

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

Can food influence asthma symptoms? Dietary and lifestyle changes may help support the symptoms in this case, but are not a replacement for prescribed medication.

Are herbal teas safe? Most herbal teas are considered mild, but the effect may vary, or some may interact with medications or are unsuitable during pregnancy. Always consult your healthcare provider before starting any herbal regimen.

How soon will I notice changes? Some people notice improvement within weeks; others take months. Consistency, good sleep, stress management, and avoiding triggers matter most.

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Further Readings

For more evidence-based information on asthma management, complementary approaches, and nutrition, explore the following trusted sources:

Medical Disclaimer

This article is only for informational and educational purposes. I am not a medical professional and nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical healthcare provider before making any dietary or health changes.

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

References

Understanding Cancer, and Supportive Wellness Approaches, Lifestyle and Nutrition

  June 03, 2025 Xhavid Bajrami   

Introduction

Person walking in a park for cardio exercise and heart health

Cancer is now one of the main causes of death worldwide, which makes cancer control a worldwide health priority. In 2010, there was a huge number of deaths, nearly 8 million, and research indicates that between one-third and one-half cancer cases may be prevented by only reducing the risk factors, including poor diet, smoking, and environmental toxins. Although many people say that cancers cannot be prevented, but early treatment and detection play an important role in improving survival rates and reducing mortality. Therefore, deciding which cancer prevention and treatment strategies should receive priority in worldwide health programs remains challenging. Nowadays, noncommunicable diseases NCDs such as cancer receive less than 3% of global health development funding, despite their growing international impact. Evidence from developing countries shows that early detection methods and prevention programs can be costly and also can reduce related deaths. Implementing those methods in low and middle-income countries can be difficult. Many of these countries face different challenges, including the healthcare infrastructure, low awareness about cancer, insufficient funding and shortages of trained doctors (Ilbawi and Anderson, 2015). Research indicates that 65% of worldwide cancer deaths occur in low and middle-income countries, and 5% of international health resources for cancer are directed to these areas. Therefore, this balance shows a stronger and the need for more coordination in the worldwide response. Although a better method for cancer control should focus on these three key goals:

  • Preventing cancers that are avoidable by reducing risk strategies.
  • To treat cancers that can be cured when detected in the early stages.
  • Providing comfort care to improve quality of life when curative treatment and prevention are no longer possible.

Furthermore, the healthcare leaders and policy makers is essential to clearly understand the differences between early detection and prevention and how these strategies can work together within the healthcare system to reduce the global burden of cancer and improve patient outcomes (Ilbawi and Anderson, 2015).

The 42-Day Juice Fasting Protocol of the Breuss Treatment Method

The Breuss protocol is a dietary method that is discussed in alternative wellness literature and that is not recognised in clinical medicine as a cancer treatment. During the fasting period, the body receives nutrients from specially prepared herbal teas and vegetable juices rich in minerals and vitamins. The liquids are used as the main source of nutrition during the fasting period without solid foods. Supporters suggest that fasting may be linked with changes in metabolic processes. Individuals who completed the six-week program have reported a strong commitment to following the method. Some individuals describe the experience as part of a broader wellness practice and personal lifestyle change. From their perspective experience, it is viewed as an opportunity to reflect on dietary habits and adopt healthier lifestyle behaviours(Breuss, 1995).

Basic Treatment and guidance for the fasting method

The Breuss fasting method takes 42 days. During this time, solid foods are avoided. The diet consists only of herbal teas and specific juices. Water must also be consumed regularly during fasting to maintain hydration. It is highly recommended that the vegetable juice should be consumed in small amounts. The daily amount of vegetable juice should not exceed about 500ml, and that could be roughly two cups. Some individuals believe that drinking a smaller amount may provide better results. The juice must be prepared using organic vegetables.

The Traditional Methods Breuss Juice Mixture

The recommended vegetable juice is made primarily from root vegetables. A typical mixture includes:

  • beet root 300 g (9.6 oz.)
  • carrots 100 g (3.2 oz.)
  • celeriac (celery root) 100 g (3.2 oz.)
  • black radish juice 30 g (1.06 oz.)
  • 1 potato, the size of an egg

The vegetable juice is usually processed using a juicer machine. Supporters of this method make claims about dietary effects, although these claims are not supported by clinical evidence. During extended fasting periods, individuals may experience weight loss, and typically ranging from 5 to 15 kilograms, depending on different factors. Individual experiences during the process may vary.(Breuss, 1995). The best way to consume the juice is slowly by using a spoon. Allowing the juice to remain in the mouth for a few seconds before swallowing may assist the swallowing process.

Herbal Teas Used in the Fasting Program

During the fasting periods, a few herbal teas are traditionally recommended as part of the fasting program.

Sage Tea

Sage tea plays a crucial role in the program. For gargling, sage leaves are steeped in hot water for about ten minutes. For drinking the sage tea, the herb must be steeped for approximately three minutes. Usually, two or one teaspoons of sage are added to half a litre of boiling water.

Kidney Support Tea

This herbal tea is traditionally used in herbal practices. The ingredients include:

  • horsetail (Equisetum arvense) 15 g (0.53 oz)
  • stinging nettle (Urtica dioica) (Nettle is best collected in springtime) 10 g (0.35 oz)
  • knotgrass (Polygonum aviculare) (also called bird grass) 8 g (0.28 oz)
  • St. John's wort (Hypericum perforatum) 6 g (0.21 oz)

The Kidney tea is consumed in small portions during the first three weeks of the treatment.

Example Daily Routine of the Fasting Method

  • Morning: Begin with a small amount of kidney tea.
  • Next, 30–60 minutes later: Drink warm sage tea combined with herbs such as St. John's wort, lemon balm, and peppermint.
  • After another 30–60 minutes: Take a small sip of the vegetable juice mixture, allowing it to mix with saliva before swallowing, as mentioned above, leave it in.

A small amount of juice may be taken throughout the morning, 10 to 15 times. Sage tea may be consumed cold or warm, depending on hunger, and sugar should not be added. Furthermore, it is recommended that a small portion of kidney tea be taken at midnight or in the evening, especially during the first week. Some people may experience difficulty with bowel movements during the fasting time because the body uses most of the nutrients from tea or juices. If you experience constipation, it is suggested to drink herbal tea such as chamomile or enemas for the treatment (Breuss, 1995).

Cardio-Oncology in Transition: From Cancer Patients to Survivors

Lately, increased attention has been given to the health effects of cancer patients due to the transition of individuals from cancer to long-term survivors. The evidence has provided strong information for anticancer therapies to raise cardiac risk. These researchers indicate that individuals treated for cancer face up to an eightfold increase in risk for cardiovascular disease compared to the general population, and they say this could happen even after 25 years of treatment. The main priority in this field to deepen the research in cardio-oncology among cancer patients. It is important to identify patients with specific risk factors that may contribute to treatment-related heart toxicity. It is also crucial for the early detection of cardiac damage. Although personal treatment methods are necessary for balancing the cancer therapy and possibly the risk of cardiovascular harm (Zambelli, Porta and Rosti, 2010). Cardiovascular side effects it has become notable risks, particularly with tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as monoclonal antibodies including bevacizumab and trastuzumab, as well as drugs such as sorafenib, sunitinib and lapatinib. There is evidence that those treatments may carry a risk for cardiovascular disease. Although endothelial cells play an important role in maintaining and supporting cardiac function. Therefore, the evidence does not support oxidative stress as the cause of long-term cardiotoxicity. Research indicates the understanding of angiogenesis (Zambelli, Porta and Rosti, 2010).

The Science of Fasting: Disease Resistance, Boost Longevity, and Energy

People have been fasting for many years, and modern research has explored its effects on metabolism and cellular processes. Studies, especially in animals, suggest that fasting may influence stress response pathways and energy regulation in the body. Human research findings and developments are not conclusive. Fasting is also widely practised in different cultural and religious traditions around the world, including Islam, Christianity, Judaism, Buddhism, and Hinduism(Beaglehole, Bonita and Magnusson, 2011).

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Further Reading

See the following trusted sources for evidence-based information on cancer causes, prevention, and treatment:

Medical Disclaimer

This article is only for informational and educational purposes. I am not a medical professional and nothing on this site constitutes medical advice. Always consult a qualified medical healthcare provider before making any dietary or health changes.

For more details, please read our full disclaimer here: Medical Disclaimer Page

References:

Beaglehole, R., Bonita, R. and Magnusson, R. (2011) 'Global cancer prevention: An important pathway to global health and development', Public Health, 125(12), pp. 821–831. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.puhe.2011.09.029.

Breuss, R. (1995) The Breuss Cancer Cure.

Ilbawi, A.M. and Anderson, B.O. (2015) 'Cancer in global health: How do prevention and early detection strategies relate?', Science Translational Medicine, 7(278). Available at: https://doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.3008853.

Longo, V.D. and Mattson, M.P. (2014) 'Fasting: Molecular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications', Cell Metabolism, 19(2), pp. 181–192. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cmet.2013.12.008.

Zambelli, A., Porta, M.D. and Rosti, V. (2010) 'From cancer patients to cancer survivors: The issue of Cardioncology – A biological perspective', European Journal of Cancer, 46(4), pp. 697–702. Available at: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejca.2009.12.011.

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